Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Report - Essay Example That the informed third world individuals are the objective buyers for utilization of PCs. At long last, I might want to thank you for allowing me the chance to compose this report. It allowed me to acclimate myself with the underdeveloped nations use of PCs, their purchasing powers and the advantages of Apple Inc. for creation of minimal effort workstations for use in underdeveloped nations. Respects Name Table of substance Executive outline Report Plan 1. Beneficiary of the Report 2. Distinguish the Topic of the Report 3. Recognize the Purpose of the Report 4. Distinguish Potential Resources that will be required for Support 5. Recognize Methods to be utilized to Gather Information 6. Recognize Criteria to be utilized to assess the Information Collected 7. Discoveries 8. End 9. Proposals 10. References 11. Informative supplements Executive synopsis This report was commission by the COE of Apple Inc. along with his official group to look for suggestions for the creation of minimal e ffort PCs to be utilized on the planet nations and the gathered assets to be utilized in the familiarity with American masses on heftiness wellbeing suggestions. This report gives an investigation and an assessment of the planned creation of the minimal effort PCs by Apple Inc. what's more, the wellbeing center. The strategies utilized for the assortment of data incorporate the utilization of polls and studies to recognize the possibility of this task. The exploration causes to notice the way that there is a broad utilization of workstations in the third world areas from training to average workers. Minimal effort workstations will be a reasonable undertaking in the underdeveloped nations as they have a low purchasing power considering the high current expenses of PCs which are for the most part valued at over $1000. Further examination uncover that the cash gathered from the offer of the minimal effort workstations will be exceptionally powerful in the formation of weight mindfulne ss in America. The report presumes that PCs are exceptionally required in the underdeveloped nations particularly in the instruction division and the corporate world. Correspondence and the utilization of web will highly affect the use of minimal effort PCs in the underdeveloped nations. It is suggested: That Apple ought to receive the venture of creating minimal effort workstations in the underdeveloped nations. That Apple should lead an overview to distinguish the projects which are viably appropriate for the utilization of PCs. That instructors in underdeveloped nations should collaborate with Apple to offer appropriate learning encounters for the proposed clients. Report Plan 1. Beneficiary of the Report The beneficiary of the report will be the top administration including the CEO of Apple, Inc. the arrangement will be introduced to each one of those authorities who have some task to carry out in dynamic issues. 2. Recognize the Topic of the Report The subject of the report wil l be ‘Recommendation for Production of Low Cost Laptops and Healthcare Focus’. The report will be founded on two suggestions for the organization. First proposal will be to make ease PCs so as to expand the piece of the overall industry of the organization in underdeveloped nations. Second proposal will be to invested a few amounts of energy for lessening weight in America, which is one of the most basic medical issues and must be managed by making mindfulness among individuals

Solution on how engineering text books could be made affordable to Essay - 1

Arrangement on how designing course books could be made reasonable to mechanical building understudies - Essay Example Amadallo D.1 contends that, I could have performed far superior to I am doing now assuming all or if nothing else a decent part of the reading material I've constantly required were made accessible. My evaluations are influenced contrarily by the way that I don't have the vast majority of the suggested books. Asked to clarify for what good reason this is thus, the understudy guarantees that however the writings are accessible in the stores, the sticker price on each is disillusioning! The call of this understudy mirrors that of the numerous understudies taking the course in the numerous higher foundations of learning everywhere throughout the world. There is have to discover an answer for this sticker price issue, so we can be sure that the future mechanical designers are prepared suitably according to the requests of their dynamic field. Distributers of the mechanical building books then again don't perceive any unmerited purposes behind the significant expenses of the items; the books have higher creation costs in any case, even regarding quality creation when contrasted with different fields! The degree or scope of material that a specific book standard incorporates and the substance, alluding to the subjects or points generally shrouded in any designing book straightforwardly suggests greater expenses (D. W. Lord and C Tenopir.1999). The distributers guarantee that the fault ought to be laid on the severe origin limitations, the arrangement forcing the confinements on who is qualified to present any material for distribution, which renders the field properly uncompetitive. The costly securing of the numerous global distributions that appreciate merited notoriety, territorial differences that may exist, for instance, tending to a methodological point having little importance somewhere else and high altering costs a re likewise to fault. Understudies then again do no concur with the cases laid by the distributers. They accuse the distributers of exploiting the conviction that the course is commonly costly refering to the present cost of another variable based math reading material drawing nearer $110 with the distributers drawing out another version each three to four years just to keep understudies from selling their trade-in books (digg, 2006). The nature of the content substance ought to never be undermined and the legitimacy of the creators ought to try and be presented to increasingly severe standards to ensure the validness of any distributions made. The understudies contend that methods ought to be concocted to make the excessively expensive writings accessible to the understudies who need them, and this essentially includes a balance of the distributing costs. This can, for instance be accomplished by presenting mergers where senior building understudies and any willing departmental spe akers and researchers with an inspiration to take part in the matter of distributing are engaged with altering, showcasing or in deals and in some other perspective identified with distributing tasks, as a cost sharing activity between the distributers of mechanical designing course books and mechanical building understudies. To encourage the arrangement of high caliber and most recent reading material to the understudies at sensible costs, it has been suggested that the books suggested for each course in the endowed educational plan ought to be embraced as reading material by all the colleges (Revised Curriculum of Mechanical Engineering, 2003). The requirement for specialized forte is another significant explanation that adds to the significant expense of

Meet Our Latest OppU Achiever!

Meet Our Latest OppU Achiever! Meet Our Latest OppU Achiever! Meet Our Latest OppU Achiever!Name:  Laura BrasseauxSchool:  South Louisiana Community CollegeConcentration:  Clinical Laboratory TechnicianDegree:  Associate of Applied ScienceExpected Graduation Date:  Spring 2019Cue the drumroll, because we’re thrilled to announce the latest recipient of the OppU Achievers Scholarship: Laura Brasseaux! Laura attends South Louisiana Community College (@southlacc) and is studying to become a clinical lab technician. When she graduates in 2019, she’ll be the first in her family to receive an undergraduate degree.The OppU Achievers Scholarship recognizes hard work and demonstrated achievement, two things that Laura knows a lot about. To put herself through school, she wakes up at 3:30 in the morning to get to her job at 4:00. After that, she heads to class so she can be in her seat by 9:00.OppLoans believes in the power of individuals to create opportunity for themselves and others. We award the OppU Achievers Scholarship four times a year, provid ing a total of $10,000 for education expenses. (Interested in applying? Submit an essay here!) We also know that financial literacy is critical to success, so we built OppU, which offers free, standards-aligned courses that cover topics such as spending, budgeting, credit, and debt.Want to know what makes Laura an Achiever? Here’s what she had to say.OppLoans: What challenges have you faced as a first-generation college student?Laura: The most difficult aspect of being a first-generation college student for me has mainly been a knowledge gap. I do not have the advantage of having someone to guide me through effective time management or study practices, or someone to inform me about what to expect in regards to socializing on campus or how to make connections that can be utilized later on in my professional career.OppLoans: How have you overcome these challenges?Laura: Being required to take a first-semester experience course (and taking the assignments seriously) helped me become aware of the many resources available to me on campus. (In fact, it is how I found and applied for this scholarship!) I have decided that I have to be willing to step outside of my comfort zone and reach out to faculty and other students on campus. I took part in a student leadership conference this April that South Louisiana Community College hosted. Through the course of the day, I attended workshops, some of  which included presentations about networking, and how to plan for my academic and professional careers in the long term. Through my refusal to sit on the sidelines for my college experience, I have already opened up avenues to participate in campus organizations next semester. In the process, I realized that the faculty truly wants me to succeed, but ultimately, it is up to me to seek out the resources they have made available.OppLoans: How did you learn to be financially responsible?Laura:  Growing up and living  below the poverty line made it easier in one sense, since I never felt the need to compete with anyone materialistically. This means that most of the debt that I carry is due to school and credit cards that were used during a short period of unemployment last year. At the same time, this has fueled me to escape the cycle of poverty that my family has been trapped in for multiple generations. Any financial literacy that I have gained, I picked up through online research and from bits and pieces of advice from friends concerning building and maintaining good credit. I decided to enroll  in a “Fundamentals of Finance” course next semester just to expand my knowledge so that when I have earned my degree, I will be more financially literate and better able to manage the greater income that will come with having a degree.OppLoans:  In what ways have you been financially responsible in school?Laura: First and foremost, attending a community college will greatly minimize the amount of debt I will be taking on while I earn my degree. I am fortun ate that I qualify for the Pell Grant and federal loans. I have been able to avoid taking out any private loans that require me to begin paying them back immediately, but I do make it a point to put a small amount of money towards my federal loans every month in order to minimize the amount of interest that I will be required to pay on them once I graduate. I also applied for multiple scholarships and I have roommates in order to relieve the burden of living expenses.  I avoid using my credit cards unless it is necessary, and I am sure to make at least the minimum payment each month so as not to incur additional charges. At the beginning of the semester, I split up the total amount of money I receive  from loans and grants into a monthly sum, and then I dedicate an amount to each expense that I am responsible for; any extra money I have gets tucked away for time in between semesters, and I pick up seasonal jobs to have extra income. I am also using the skills I acquired from an Exce l spreadsheets course I took during the spring semester to plot out a budget using the tools and templates available in the program. This helps me visualize my budget and I can actually see where my money is going; from there, I can tweak my budget.OppLoans: How do you plan to use your degree after you graduate?Laura: After earning my Associate of Applied Science degree, I hope to attend Louisiana State University  to pursue a bachelors degree in clinical laboratory sciences with a focus in oncology. I have lost multiple family members to various forms of cancer, and I  would love to work as a research scientist studying cancer and how it affects our bodies.Congratulations, Laura! OppLoans wishes you continued success at South Louisiana Community College!Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIN

Critical Thinkings on Metaphorical Symbolism of Moby Dick

Abstract Symbolism can be defined as the use of a person; thing or place to act as a representation of something else that is wider and mostly out of reach. The purpose of use of symbolism by authors is to be objective but still clinging to the subject of their views. However, there cannot be an obligation on the similarity on the use of symbols. This is because some symbols represent open things while others require a comprehensive elaboration. Moby dick is a novel written by Herman Melville and was published in 1851. The book is about a traveler’s experience at the sea during which a whale was being hunted by the captain as the journey continued. The captain, Ahab was curious to hunt down and kill Mobby Dick, the whale which he finally achieved. However, the story is more than just a whaling story, but the main subject is the Ahabs fight to survive the conditions of life. Main text Herman Melville has employee a vast deal of symbolism in an effort to try and convey his ideas. This is because he admired Hawthorn’s work to whom he dedicated his novel just like in the romantic articles. The first instance of use of symbolism is the sea, where virtually all the action occurs. This is a symbol of an open area where anything can take place with high possibilities like even murder. The sea also represents the neutral land which brings about horror and mystery. In addition, being among the four symbols of ancient philosophy is a symbol of life, dynamism and freedom and continuity. The only recognizable object to the sailors and the travelers is the ship, the only way in which their lives could be preserved. Moreover, it helps movement from the living to the land of unresolved souls. Moreover, the great white whale referred to as Moby dick has been symbolically used in the book. The whale represents a challenge for the captain, Ahab in his quest to overcome the wild nature. The whale represents an obstacle that cannot be put under control, cannot be conquered. The whale also is a symbol of the spiritual part of the journey. Also, a variety of commercials and products to display the pure power and ability of the product have employed the use of the whale symbol. This is a proof that the big size of the whale as revealed in the original book by Herman Melville was the main theme that the author had in mind for the huge mammal. In addition, the whale Moby Dick is symbolic of nature. Among the most popular interpretations of the whale is in its contrast with to nature. Melville depicts Moby Dick as being peaceful and quiet in its natural habitat, just like nature in general. He tries to elaborate that when an external force interferes with the true course of nature, it can result in disagreements and unexpected reactions, on either side, the whale is also symbolic in nature because it is bound by natural laws, nevertheless they are capable of being robust and resilient at the same time being calm and peaceful. Ishmael associates the whale to nature on the basis of them being both beautiful and wonderful. On the other hand, Starbuck seems to associate Moby Dick to nature due to its ability to nourish, and he emphasizes on what the whale has to offer. Like oil, and money, he will accrue when the whale is killed. In Moby Dick, Melville uses the symbolism of the whale to depict the theme of humanistic relationships. The white color of the whale is a symbol that it can be tame as well as evil. The symbolism of the whale can be said to represent the beauty of the world as well as all that is destructive in the world. Consequently, Moby dick is similar to nature. Moreover, the whale has been used to reveal a sense of curiosity, awe and compassion for the huge mammal. This state of things is slowly turned into sense of horror prohibition and confusion as the growth of the protagonist of the story, a slightly bad-mannered but dedicated captain, Ahab who is contented with the state of his life as at present continues successfully. To the captain, Ahab the whale is a symbol of evil and injustice. He begins to dislike the whale and finally develops a negative attitude towards it and declares it his arch rival for being the cause to the loss of his leg and leading to perpetual pain he sustains. Eventually the captain develops irresistible disgust for the whale which could only end if the captain killed the whale or the whale killed the captain. Furthermore, the entire atmosphere has been occupied by a sun which is the source of power and energy to life. Melville has put a lot of emphasis on numbers. Throughout the novel, it is observed that the number three has been frequently used. The number has a religious meaning, representing the number of trinity of destiny. The voyage at sea is an attempt to get a perfect, journey of the soul in its quest for supernatural satisfaction. The scenery is mainly occupied by strong colors. These colors are also symbolic. For instance, yellow color is a symbol of sustaining life while white represents innocence, purity and having no blemish freedom of any obstructions. On the other hand, the color white can be symbolic of perish, strength, power and super-natural appearance. This is evidenced when the whale lives peacefully at the sea until it is attacked by the men (Melville 290-295). In this instance, Melville tries to emphasize that white color can be contrastingly used to mean tranquility and good as well as evil and terror. Furthermore, Ahabs pipe has been symbolically used. This can be said to be the control factor of happiness in his life. When he threw the pipe overboard, he signifies that he can no longer celebrate simple happiness in life. On the other hand, he declares his everyday life to the quest for his passion, the hunt for Moby dick, the colossal whale. Thus, the killing of the whale is a symbol of the ultimate goal of Ahab in his life. Thus the whale is also a symbol of everyones goal. The destruction of Moby Dick by Ahab is also a symbol of destruction of his fears and the challenges that face him in the world. When Ishmael shares a cold bed with his newfound friend, the cold bed is a symbol that nothing exists by itself. This implies that people need something to reach for in life and that target can be destructive if allowed to overcome other obligations. Also the name Ishmael is a symbol of an orphan, exile and outcast. For instance, in the early parts of the novel, Ishmael reveals that he had turned out to the sea because he was alienated from the human society. In the final chapter of the novel, he literally refers to himself as an orphan. This is a proof of the biblical connection putting emphasis on the representation of outcasts; Ishmael is also Abrahams son with the slave girl Hagar prior to the birth of Isaac. On the birth of Isaac, Sarah, Abraham’s legitimate wife had Ishmael and Hagar exiled into the desert. References Alfred, N. Symbolism its meaning and effect. New York: Fordham Univ Press, 1985. Michael, G. Symbolism. New York: Taschen, 1995. Robert, J. Symbolism. New York: Harper Row, 1980.

School Safety Is Not The Most Heinous Act Of School Violence

Safer Schools December 1, 1997, Michael Carneal, a freshman in West Paducah, Kentucky opened fire on his classmates, killing three and wounding five. One year later, on March 5, 1998, Mitchell Woodward shot and killed five classmates and wounded eleven in Jonesboro, Arkansas. Just one year after that, Eric Harris and Dylan Kleibold committed the most heinous act of school violence in United States history in Littleton, Colorado. There, in Columbine High School, Harris and Kleibold killed twelve students, a teacher and later took their own lives. Random acts of school violence seemed to spread across the nation undetected, and protecting no one. School safety is not an issue to be taken lightly, for in order to ensure student and teacher safety, schools should increase security both inside and out of the building, and have a counselor for students and teachers alike to talk to. These events occurred eighteen years ago, and it is important for all students, kindergarten through high school, to recognize the issue of school violence as a problem that must not go unnoticed. While for the most part, the incidents of violence that engulf many high schools and middle schools are rare, it is students who could be indirectly affected by school tragedies. For example, one may have a friend whose sister was in a shooting, or a cousin whose school was on lockdown. Furthermore, there may come a day when one’s own child will be at school fearfully hiding from another angry classmate.Show MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of The Sandy Hook Shooting1328 Words   |  6 PagesOn the morning of December 14, 2012, America experienced its deadliest mass shooting at a grade school and the fourth-deadliest mass shooting by a single person. All of America was left reeling as the details of what transpired were shared through every media outlet. Media reporters and American cit izens were left wondering about how could this have happened and how could we have prevented this heinous crime. In looking for an explanation the Media emphasized various topics such as mental health,Read MoreCritical Analysis Of The Sandy Hook School Shooting1520 Words   |  7 Pagesentered Sandy Hook elementary school and killed 26 people. This heinous crime is America’s deadliest mass shooting at a grade school and the fourth-deadliest mass shooting by a single person. Throughout the country, American citizens were mournful and regretful as media outlets released the details of what transpired. Police investigators, media reporters, and American citizens were left wondering how could this have happened and how could we have prevented this heinous crime? In looking for an explanationRead MoreThe Problem of Media and Violence836 Words   |  3 Pages Violence has become a serious problem in America. From Sandy Hook Elementary to the Aurora Colorado shootings, terrorism h as crept deeper into the culture. From 1982-1992 there were eight incidences of terrorism. From 2002-2012 there have been seventeen (Geigner). The growth at which these events are spreading is exponential. Modern terrorism did not begin until approximately the 1950s when it changed from guerrilla tactics used by a nation to the to the type common today, non-state terrorism. TheseRead Moreforce have contributed to a dramatic shift in family eating habits. The traditional family dinner900 Words   |  4 Pagesdo not encourage active engagement which results in increases in incidents of childhood obesity. Our local school district’s socioeconomic status entitles all students to free or reduced breakfast and lunch. Additionally, to curtail childhood obesity the district’s nutritionist conducts parent workshops on healthy food choices. To encourage healthy snacks, our primary and elementary schools participate in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) healthy snacks initiative. In addition toRead MoreThe Destruction Of The Human Race1437 Words   |  6 Pagespart of our daily lives, it should come as no surprise that the media may cause violence to occur. The media has triggered multiple copycat crimes, a criminal act that is inspired by a previously reported crime. Violent acts are shown repeatedly by hundreds of media outlets. This amplified quantity of reporting has the potential of negatively impacting the impressionable mind. Individuals become desensitized to the heinous crimes and infatuated by the glory being bestowed upon the crime. According toRead M oreIs Violence ever justified1043 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Is violence ever justified? The debate about the use of violence has been on going for the last decade. Violence, the act of causing physical harm to another person willingly, has often been categorized as being an uncivilized, unjustified act. It is mostly known, and commonsensical knowledge that attacking or inflicting harm upon another person is â€Å"wrong†. Most of us frown upon people who resort to such violent acts, and they are punishable by law. However, as we progress into the 21st centuryRead MoreEssay on Guns Dont Kill People, Criminals Kill People1187 Words   |  5 Pages Gun control is a leading concern in America today. Recent shootings and murders today have people scared and pushing forward for gun control acts. In my opinion there should not be gun control acts on any guns besides automatic guns because, automatic guns should strictly be for military use only. Guns don’t kill people, people kill people. Many people push for gun control, but the effects of gun control are too severe. In this paper I claim to tell about the reasons why someoneRead MoreEssay about School Violence1704 Words   |  7 Pages As a society, how should we respond to the violence taking place in schools? How do we respond to the traumatic events of the twentieth century, where a series of school shootings lead by students at 12 different schools planned and carried out violent shootings that resulted in the deaths of several students and teachers at each school? These events alone have come from the United States, in fact from Washin gton, Alaska, Mississippi, Kentucky, Arkansas, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, OregonRead MoreCampus Violence1785 Words   |  8 PagesRunning head: CAMPUS VIOLENCE 1 Campus Violence has escalated since the Massacre at UT Berketa L. Livingston Liberty University Online ENGL-104 Read MorePreventing School Shootings : A Unique And Difficult Challenge For Law Enforcement, Parents, And School Administrators1193 Words   |  5 PagesPreventing school shootings presents a unique and difficult challenge for law enforcement, parents, and school administrators. Although the National School Safety Center states there is a decline in shootings on school grounds, the devastation and aftermath warrant a need for continued vigilance. Relatively low amount of school shootings makes establishing trends difficult. In addition, how are school administrators, teachers and parents supposed to differentiate between serious issues and ordinary

Formal Letter to a Producer Arguing About the Acceptance Free Essays

Dear Producer, I address you on behalf of the committee on what should be done about the book ‘World Wonders’. The committee would like to revoke the book from stores, but as you can see the committee has perplexed feelings about the matter as when interviewing the editor, he supplied us with the intentions for creating the book. The following letter contains a dispute on which you, Sir, decide to put your faith in. We will write a custom essay sample on Formal Letter to a Producer Arguing About the Acceptance or any similar topic only for you Order Now The views of the interviewer are as follows; the educational message is misleading as well as feeding an un-presidential thrust for this kind of precarious information. Children and adults who are engorged in these books tend to do out of the ordinary stunts to get in the book and get famous. Often this leads to danger on one’s self and others which include animals and other personals. Sometimes these records lead to death, heart diseases, obesity, anorexia and other diseases that can inflict the body in some way. Most records that require skill and risk are underestimated for those which have been won by no effort and have been treated equal. The editor stressed out his argument that his book is acceptable in society as an educational material. He defines that the book has an educational motive as there is not many resource materials of that sort. He also states that it recognizes the human endeavors and their limits. Records that inflict human life leading to an unhealthy or life threatening consequences are immediately stopped before any damage is done. As for the records that focus on human endeavors are recognized greater than others as a team of professional judges trial the records to see if they fit the criteria and if not they are not published in the book. In addition to his argument, the editor states that the book could serve as the perfect gift as it holds great educational references. In all I favor the option of keeping this humanitarian resource in the market as information will be taken as knowledge and without knowledge there will be no future. Human development should be remarked to state the limits of mankind and what are our weaknesses as well as our strengths. Please state your decision as soon as possible. Regards, Bob Hatfeild How to cite Formal Letter to a Producer Arguing About the Acceptance, Essay examples

Toursim Management free essay sample

Dissemination efforts Communication of affective states Attainment of mutual understanding VALUES donation 3 Management Thinking about thinking Critical Thinking Thinking actively Asking questions about what you see and hear Evaluating, categorizing, and finding relationships SHELLS Destination Management Activities Involved with Critical Thinking Interpreting according to a framework: Describing Relating theory to practice: Analyzing Making a claim and supporting it: Synthesizing Using appropriate evidence: Categorizing Making links between ideas: Establishing cause and effect Asking questions: Comparing and contrasting Evaluating: Identifying problems and solutions SHELLS Destination Management Graduate Skills Develop Knowledge and Values to operate Responsibly in a Business Context Effective Communication Skills for Diverse and International Business Environments Innovative and Creative with Critical Judgment Socially Responsible and Engaged in their Communities 4 Understanding Assessment Program Learning Objectives Learning Outcomes Course Learning Objectives Assessment Program Learning Objectives Course Learning Objectives lop Knowledge and Values to operate Response Learning Outcomes DID in a Business Context Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the values, policies, structures, and stakeholder groups that impact on destination planning, development and management at national, state, and local levels Understand the relationship between tourism development and the broader strategic planning functions within a destination, and critically evaluate the utility of various development options available within a destination Identify and understand the current issues and trends in destination product development and marketing, and their effects on tourism destinations Understand how the concept of experience economy applies to destinations and its impact on the management of tourism products and visitor experiences Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the factors that impact on destination management Tutorial Participation. We will write a custom essay sample on Toursim Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mid Semester Exam Group Assignment critically evaluate the utility of various development options available within a destination Identify and critically evaluate the current issues and trends in destination product Individual Assignment Understand now the concept to experience economy applies to destinations and its 6 7 Assessment Attendance Tutorial Participation ( You must attend ALL tutorials Participation Productive discussion contribution Case Studies Readings Assessment Mid-Term Exam(30%) All material covered in weeks 1 -6 45 Multiple Choice Questions Saturday April 20th. Assessment Assignment Draft Review(10%) peer Review Failure to submit will attract zero grade Tutors Review Final decision of grade 8 Assessment Individual Assignment(35%) Word Limit: 3000 words (+1- 10%) Due Date: 29th October 5:00 pm, Semester 2, 2013 Rationale: This assessment task is designed to encourage students to develop research, writing and critical thinking skills. The primary competencies addressed are communication, literacy, problem solving, critical evaluation, and innovation skills. See your [emailprotected] site and download your assignment tasks Assessment Group Assignment(15%) Presentation 3 minutes In tutorials Week 13 Clear Message!! Groups of 3 or 4 only! Prescribed Text 9 Tutorial Format Interactive Discussions Case Studies Links to your Assessments Lecture Format Links to your Assignment Research Focused Destinations are amalgams. Destinations are cultural appraisals. Destinations are inseparable: that is, tourism is produced where it is consumed. Destinations are used not Just by tourists but also by many other groups. SHELLS Destination Management 10 Destinations as Amalgams Attractions act to pull the visitor to the destination Amenities include accommodation, food and beverage outlets, entertainment, retailing and other services Access includes both local transport around the destination and access to and from the destination Ancillary services come in the form of local organizations SHELLS Destination Management SHELLS Sustainable Tourism Complimentary Destinations as Cultural Appraisals Authenticity Trends The tourism experience SHALL Destination Management SHELLS Sustainable Tourism Destinations Inseparability The nexus of consumption and production Seasonality Use it or lose it! 11 Destinations Multiple Uses Coastal Rural Day Visitors Host Communities Conflict or Complimentary? SHALL Destination Management SHELLS Sustainable Tourism Sustainable Destination Management Carrying capacity: Sustainable Physical Psychological Biological Social Destination Management Development planning Marketing Management Strategic Planning The adoption of a long-term perspective; The development of a logistic and integrated plan which controls the process of change through the formation of goals; A formalized decision process focused on the deployment of resources, which commit the destination to a future course of action; and The political process at the destination is critical to success. Sustainable Planning Assess potential Consultation Investment Marketing Research Target Market Mix and planning Visits and yield Management Protect resource Quality experience Sustainable growth Planning Competitive Tourism

How to Use your Profession to Develop a Writing Niche

How to Use your Profession to Develop a Writing Niche When you become a freelance writer, you can potentially write for numerous websites, blogs and magazines. How you decide which clients to approach depends on the niche you select. Your niche also helps with branding, which enables potential clients to find you. The most effective and engaging articles, blog posts and books are those written If you are passionate about your chosen career, you need look no further than your profession to develop your niche. Start Consider writing styles, too. This is especially important when it comes to length, type and tone of the article. A well-researched, lengthy article is quite different to an anecdotal, humorous one. Some questions to ask yourself in deciding what types of articles to write include: Do you want to motivate readers to join your profession? Do you want to educate the public regarding issues you believe are important? Or do you wish to create a friendly discussion with readers in your industry. Now that you have a list of ideas and styles, you can start looking for work. Firstly, source a few good websites and blogs about writing for a living. Two of my favourites are: Writers in Charge [www.writersincharge.com] and Make a Living Writing [www.makealivingwriting.com]. While you familiarise yourself with the various forms of freelance writing, I highly recommend joining a writing group for support, encouragement and feedback on your progress and your writing. GoodReads.com has many groups one can join including a writing group. There are many writing groups on FaceBook e.g. Freelance Writers [https://www.facebook.com/groups/2351373470/]. Dont have a blog yet? Start one! It helps you refine your niche and test different styles and subjects. It helps you connect with readers and potential clients, and learn what they wish to know. Blogging also provides social proof when you pitch for writing jobs, e.g. The Role of Occupational Therapy in Sleep and Wellness. [huffingtonpost.com/shoshanah-shear/the-role-of-occupational-_b_12673818.html?1477582471] Extending your blogging activity to creating content for client blogs is a wonderful way to earn. Securing a paid opportunity to write a column related to your profession can also position you as an expert in your field. This is a valuable marketing tool for gaining private clients. Lastly, search for websites, magazines and blogs related to your profession. Dont forget the trade magazines! This article of the top ten trade magazines [allyoucanread.com/top-10-trade-magazines/] can give you ideas of what to look for. Though most professional journals do not pay for articles, you might be surprised to find that some do! Trade publications can also provide many ideas for article topics or companies to approach for work. I have found that scouring the adverts in professional journals opens many doors, from providing client contact details to triggering ideas for original content. In summary, writing articles, blog posts or books can provide an interesting addition to your profession. This can become a side income stream or a new way to use your professional knowledge. Most of all, love sharing your professional knowledge with others. Love writing. Love your profession and love knowing what an impact you can have on the lives of others.

Aileen Hernandez - Feminist Civil Rights Activist

Aileen Hernandez - Feminist Civil Rights Activist Aileen Hernandez was a lifelong activist for civil rights and women’s rights. She was one of the founding officers of the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966. Dates:  May 23, 1926 – February 13, 2017 Personal Roots Aileen Clarke Hernandez, whose parents were Jamaican, was raised in Brooklyn, New York. Her mother, Ethel Louise Hall Clarke, was a homemaker who worked as a seamstress and traded domestic work for physicians services. Her father, Charles Henry Clarke Sr., was a brushmaker. School experiences taught her that she was supposed to be nice and submissive, and she early determined not to submit. Aileen Clarke studied political science and sociology at Howard University in Washington D.C., graduating in 1947. It was there she began to work as an activist to fight against racism and sexism, working with the NAACP and in politics. She later moved to California and received a master’s degree from California State University at Los Angeles. She has traveled widely in the course of her work for human rights and liberty. Equal Opportunities During the 1960s, Aileen Hernandez was the only woman appointed by President Lyndon Johnson to the government’s Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). She resigned from the EEOC because of frustration with the agency’s inability or refusal to actually enforce laws against sex discrimination. She started her own consulting firm, which works with government, corporate, and nonprofit organizations. Working with NOW While womens equality was getting more government attention, activists discussed the need for a private women’s rights organization. In 1966, a group of pioneering feminists founded NOW. Aileen Hernandez was elected NOW’s first Executive Vice-President. In 1970, she became the second national president of NOW, after Betty Friedan. While Aileen Hernandez led the organization, NOW worked on behalf of women in the workplace to gain equal pay and better handling of discrimination complaints. NOW activists demonstrated in several states, threatened to sue the U.S. Secretary of Labor and organized the Women’s Strike for Equality. When the president of NOW endorsed a candidate slate in 1979 which did not include any people of color in major positions, Hernandez broke with the organization, writing an open letter to feminists to express her critique of the organization for putting such priority on issues like the Equal Rights Amendment that issues of race and class were ignored. I have become increasingly distressed by the growing alienation of minority women who have joined feminist organizations like NOW. They are truly the women in the middle, isolated within their minority communities because of their espousal of the feminist cause and isolated in the feminist movement because they insist on attention to issues which impact heavily on minorities. Other Organizations Aileen Hernandez was  a leader on multiple political issues, including housing, the environment, labor, education and  health care. She co-founded Black Women Organized for Action in 1973. She has also worked with Black Women Stirring the Waters,  the California Women’s Agenda, the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union and the California Division of Fair Employment Practices.  Ã‚   Aileen Hernandez won multiple awards for her humanitarian efforts. In 2005, she was part of a group of 1,000 women nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. Hernandez died in February 2017.

Financial Statement Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Financial Statement Analysis - Essay Example The companies selected for this by this essay for this analysis are the Nishat Mills Limited and the Crescent Textile Mills Limited. The incorporation of Crescent Textile Mills Limited as a public limited company was done in 1950 in Pakistan under the Companies Act of 1913. It is headquartered in Sargodha Road, Faisalabad. Its business is to textile manufacturing and includes spinning, combing, dyeing, bleaching, printing, weaving, stitching, selling buying, and otherwise dealing in cloth, yarn and other products and fabrics made from raw cotton as well as synthetic fibers (The Financial Times Ltd, 2015). In addition, it generates, accumulates, distributes, supplies and sells electricity. The Crescent Textile Mills Limited also operates a cold storage unit (Crescent Textile Mills Limited, 2013, p. 37). As a publicly listed company, Nishat Mills Limited was also incorporated in Pakistan in 1959 under the Companies Act of 1913 (Nishat Mills Ltd, 2013, p. 54). It is a vertically integrated company and just like Crescent Textile Mills Limited, its business involves textile manufacturing, spinning, combing, weaving, dyeing, printing, stitching, bleaching, apparel, buying, selling, dealing in yarn, cloth, linen, and other products and fabrics made from synthetic fiber and raw cotton. It also generates, accumulates, distributes, supplies and sells electricity (The Financial Times Ltd, 2015). Trend analysis is done by conducting horizontal and vertical analysis. The horizontal analysis is performed to focus on the trends or changes in financial statement items. The management and other users of financial information can see the relative changes over time in terms of positive and perhaps troubling trends (Putra, 2009). In performing this analysis, absolute amount as well as percentages is used to compare financial statements over several time periods

The Role of the RN in operation room Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Role of the RN in operation room - Essay Example To provide effective care, it is necessary to have some experienced and qualified nurses be placed, as the role is critical and complex. Having an inexperienced non-qualified nurse at this position may yield complexities and inconvenience as only basic education in nursing may not provide the level of experience that role of a registered nurse demands. The paper presents the role of registered nurses in the operation of health care organizations. RN is a registered nurse who has successfully completed the educational requirements to attain the competencies required for certified practice in nursing. A patient going for a surgery does not expect to have some inexperienced medical practitioner and health professionals in operation room. On the other hand, surgeons also get distracted by any kind of action irreverent with the surgical process and it may implore a freaked reaction in safety of the patient. These situations occur when operation rooms allow registered nurses to take places of licensed practice nurses or anesthesiologist (Lingard et al, 2004, 330; Riley, Manias, 2006, 1541). Operation room, also referred as Surgical Suite is generally an area in the hospital where surgeries takes place. These are special areas equipped with delicate and expensive apparatuses to provide sufficient support to the medical practitioners to perform their surgeries. The surgeries may range from minor cuts and sewing to major gun shots, transplants and deliveries. Therefore, the team required in an OR must be experienced and competent enough to deliver all phases of care to the patients, handle complications and change of patients’ status and procedures (Sneddon et al, 2006, 255). Simple surgeries require three key personnel in an OR that are: a surgeon, an experienced registered nurse and an anesthesiologist. Additional support and staff are required on the basis of the type and severity level of surgery. The registered nurse tasks

Saint Augustine Essay -- Biography Biographies Augustine Essays

Saint Augustine Saint Augustine (354-430 AD), also known as Augustine of Hippo created an image of himself through his writings and teachings. He was born in Tagaste, a town in North Africa, on November 13, 354 AD. He was born into a middle class family. Patricius, his father, was a pagan, but later converted to Christianity because of his wife, Monica, was a devout Christian. Augustine’s mother, who was devoted to the Roman Catholic church, constantly tried for her son's conversion. Augustine was educated as a lecturer in the former North African cities of Tagaste, Madaura, and Carthage. The philosophical works of Marcus Tullius Cicero, a Roman speaker and politician, inspired Augustine to become a seeker after truth. Augustine engaged restlessly in philosophical studies, and passed from one phase of thought to another, unable to find satisfaction. From 373 until 382, in Carthage, he conformed to Manichaeism, a dualistic philosophy dealing with the conflict between good and evil. This seemed to be the answer to the confusion in his own heart. It solved the mysteries that confused him in his own experience. After realizing that this philosophy wouldn’t make a great ethical system, he abandoned this philosophy. After being educated throughout North Africa, he left Carthage and in 384 found himself in Milan where he would pursue his career of a professor in rhetoric. Also, in Milan he met and was influenced by the bishop, Ambrose. With this, Augustine was at tracted again to Christianity and was baptized by Ambrose in 387. Augustine was also influenced by Platonism. He than returned to North Africa where he became the bishop of Hippo in 391, a title he held until he died. This great â€Å"Father of the Church,† wrote a handbook on the three theological virtues: faith, hope, and love. The Enchiridion on Faith, Hope, and Love was written in the year 420. It is a brief handbook on the proper mode of serving God, through faith, hope, and love. It is easy to say what one ought to believe, what to hope for, and what to love. But to defend our doctrines against the slander of those who think differently is a more difficult and detailed task. If one is to have this wisdom, it is not enough just to put an enchiridion in the hand. It is also necessary that a great eagerness be in the heart. Saint Augustine says that God created all things good. In Chapter XI, ... ...t evil is but the absence of good. I feel that God did make everything good, and it is the absence of good that causes evil. People choose the road they feel like taking throughout life. I think of it this way; God started us off on this world all consisting of good and it is we who choose to become evil. This follows through with Augustine’s next idea, which I also agree with, in that there can be no evil where there is no good. This holds true because everybody consists of good, and evil is the absence of good, so that just concludes that in order for evil there must be good. Augustine also says that good and evil can exist at the same time, but evil cannot exist without good, however, good can exist without evil. I feel that one can embody good and evil, there are many humans like that now. It’s true that evil cannot exist without good because we are only evil when we aren’t good, but one can be good without being evil. I hope I have made it clear that there are some points that I agree with and there are some ideas of Augustine that I don’t agree with. As for the way to serve God, I believe that as long as you live your life to the best of your ability, you will succeed.

In “A Rose for Emily,” William Faulkner

In â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† William Faulkner explores what encourages and what happens due to insanity. Emily Grierson’s life is narrated through, we can assume, a member of the community to which she belonged— â€Å"belongedâ€Å" is used   because she is already deceased at the beginning of the short story. Faulkner avoids telling the story chronologically and instead tells us about Emily’s past in a way similar to the way the human mind works—a series of memories all jumbled up.Emily, we find out, lived a life under an overly controlling father—she practically had no social life to speak of. Her father was basically the only person in her life so it is not surprising—although shocking—that she clings to him even after he dies. Upon his death, she goes out in the town and defies the set rules of society by seeing a man under her status. Fraternizing with this man, Homer Barron, may have had a positive impact on her life; h owever, Homer is â€Å"not a marrying man† (29), which turns out to be absolutely devastating for Emily. Emily, we can conclude from her father’s death, does not deal well with strife.The heartbreak is too much for her and causes her madness to lash out. Emily’s yearning for someone to love combined with her insanity leads her to commit deeds that a sane person would never do such as killing a man, leaving the decaying body in her house, lying next to the corpse, and perhaps even committing acts of necrophilia. Looking at Emily’s story, it is quite frightening to think of the extent of damage that madness can compel people to inflict. It is very probable that Emily did not realize how horrific her actions were.  Truth to tell William Faulkner’s â€Å" A Rose for Emily† is an incredibly fascinating story about a woman who practiced necrophilia. The story is about a woman who poison's her boyfriend and keeps his body in a bed in her upstairs room for decades. No one ever exits or enters her old house except for her negro manservant.And what is necrophilia, exactly and how do we prove by using the text of   â€Å" A Rose for Emily†Ã‚   that indeed, Emily Grierson was a necrophiliac? Necrophilia for Mirriam-Webster would mean, â€Å"obsession with an usually erotic interest   in corpses or erotic interest in the stimulation by corpses†.   Medical dictionaries would define â€Å"necrophilism† to be , â€Å"1. A morbid fondness for being in the presence of dead bodies,   and   2. The impulse to have sexual contact, or the act of such contact, with a dead body, usually of males with female corpses.†Necrophilia can best be described as sexual arousal stimulated by a dead body. The stimulation can be either in the form of fantasies or actual physical sexual contact with the corpse.   Legends with necrophilic themes are common throughout history and the concept of sexual interference wit h the dead has been known and abhorred since the ancient Egyptians, as noted by Herodotus:â€Å"When the wife of a distinguished man dies, or any woman who happens to be beautiful or well known, her body is not given to the embalmers immediately, but only after the lapse of three or four days. This is a precautionary measure to prevent the embalmers from violating her corpse, a thing which is actually said to have happened in the case of a woman who had just died.†The symptoms of necrophilia are as follows: necrophilia are the presence, over a period of at least six months, of recurrent and intense urges and sexually arousing fantasies involving corpses which are either acted upon or have been markedly distressing. And the manifestations are said to be characterized by the following data. There is a broad spectrum of necrophilic behaviors, ranging from fantasies alone to murder for the sake   of procuring a dead body.   Faulkner’s Emily did commit murder in order t o have   a dead man’s body to sleep beside with, â€Å" I want arsenic,† (28) Emily tells the druggist in Faulkner’s story. That she is about to commit murder is only implied, and the truth is seen towards the end of the narrative.Experts have subcategorized the paraphilia according to where it falls on that spectrum. â€Å"Necrophilic fantasies† of corpses, never acted upon, still fall within the scope of necrophilia and some authors have categorized this as a â€Å"neurotic equivalent† to necrophilia. â€Å" Then we noticed that in the second pillow was the indentation of a head. One of us lifted something from it, and leaning forward, that faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-gray hair.† (31) In this quote, the readers can deduce that, at the very least, Emily had lain beside the dead body of Homer Barron.â€Å"Pseudonecrophilia† describes isolated incidents where the sexual contact with the corpse may happen without pre-existing fantasies or desire to have sexual contact with the body. Even in its truest form, necrophilia can be quite varied, ranging from simply being in the presence of a corpse to kissing, fondling or performing sexual intercourse or cunnilingus on the body. The presence of other paraphilias or personality disorders, however, can manifest in more grotesque or sadistic elements such as mutilation of the corpse, drinking the blood or urine, or homicide (â€Å"necrophilic homicide† or â€Å"necrosadism†).The latter is the most disturbing end of the spectrum. Although assumed rare, many have argued that necrophilia may be more prevalent than statistics imply, given that the act would be carried out in secret with a victim unable to complain and given the length of time which the paraphilia has been recognized.   Ã‚  But if Emily had used arsenic to poison and murder Homer, then she could not have been capable of performing an act of necrophilic homicide, for, how many times can you poison an already deceased and poisoned man?Although the act of murder itself may generate the subsequent sexual frenzy, research has determined an alarming rate of homicide in order to obtain a body for subsequent sexual violation. Rosman and Resnick   int their study, â€Å"Necrophilia: An analysis of 122 cases involving necrophilic acts and fantasies† found that 42% of their study sample of necrophiles had murdered in order to obtain a body.Researchers have determined, however, that sadism itself is not usually an intrinsic characteristic of true necrophilia. (74) In all cases, there is undoubtedly sexual preference for a corpse rather than a living woman.   And this is what makes William Faulkner’s Emily, unique. In the plot is a reversal of the symptoms manifest   that is â€Å"usual† in the cases of necrophilia. Emily, is a woman, who preferred the company and sexual â€Å"comfort† of a dea d man.When no other act of cruelty – cutting into pieces etc., – is practiced on the corpse, it is probable that the lifeless condition itself, forms the stimulus for the perverse individual. Homer Barron, as implied in the story, was maybe going to flee Emily, hence she resorted to murder by poison, â€Å"   When she had first begun to be seen with Homer Barron, we had said, â€Å" She will marry him.†Ã‚   Then we said, â€Å" She will persuade him yet,†Ã‚  Ã‚   because Homer   himself had remarked- he liked men, and it was known that he drank with the younger men in the Elks Club- that he was not a marrying man. (29)Kraft-Ebing   states in his, â€Å"Psychopathia sexualis†   It is possible that the corpse – a human form absolutely without will – satisfies an abnormal desire, in that the object of desire is seen to be capable of absolute subjugation, without possibility of resistance (89).What happened after the incident of the poisoning can only be guessed at, but in this telling of the life of Emily Grierson there is proof, that Emily as able to â€Å"persuade† –â€Å" her† Homer Barron, only that he was not someone hard to persuade, he was already dead, after all, â€Å" The violence of breaking down the door seemed to fill this room with pervading dust.A thin, acrid pall as of the tomb seemed to lie everywhere upon this room decked and furnished as for a bridal: upon the valance curtains of faded rose color, upon the rose-shaded lights, upon the dressing table, upon the delicate array of crystal and the man’s toilet things backed with tarnished silver, silver so tarnished that the monogram was obscured. Among them lay a tie, as if they had just been removed, which, lifted, left upon the surface a pale crescent in the dust.† (30)Most individuals have been reported to be heterosexual. This was not a sick and twisted scenario meant to be feasted on by literary critic s who work with queer gender theory, Emily was not gay, Homer could have been, but, â€Å" Upon a chair hung the suit, carefully folded; beneath it the two mute shoes and the discarded socks. The man himself lay in bed. (30)†Ã‚   –yes, Homer was a man, he was Emily’s man.As with the other paraphilias, necrophilia often occurs in conjunction with other paraphilias. Again, readers can only make intelligent inferences as to how, just exactly, did the things of Homer( made of silver ) get to become so tarnished, if by air corrosion alone? Could it be that at some point or the other, Emily infused them with fluids from her body, through acts that are too â€Å" horrifying† to speak of in this paper, but you get the picture.The individual should be assessed for associated psychopathology and treated accordingly. Treatment for necrophilia would be similar to that prescribed for most paraphilias: cognitive therapy, use of sex-drive reducing medications, assistanc e with improving social and sexual relations, etc. Sadly, Emily could not have been treated, she had chosen to isolation after her crime, â€Å" Now and then, we would see her at a window for a moment, as the men did that night when they sprinkled lime , but for almost six months, she did not appear on the streets. (29) For that time on her front door remained closed, save for a period of six and seven years, when she was about forty, during which she gave lessons in china painting (29).In conclusions then, there really is enough evidence in the text that Emily Grierson [ of William Faulkner ] had managed to make herself the necrophilic lover of Mr. Homer Barron.  And so , the world can only offer, â€Å" a rose† for Emily, for she can no longer answer for her gruesome acts, not that she ever could.WORKS CITED:Cole, Isaac, ed. â€Å" The Life and   Works of Herodotus.†Ã‚  Ã‚   New Land Press: London, 1990.Faulkner, William. â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† Literatu re: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama Interactive Edition. Eds. Kennedy, X.J and Gioia Dana. United States: Pearson Longman. 2005. 29 – 36.Krafft-Ebing, R. von. â€Å" Psychopathia sexualis.†New York: Stein & Day, 1986, (Original work published in 1886)Rosman, J. & Resnick, P. â€Å"Necrophilia: An analysis of 122 cases involving necrophilic acts and fantasies†. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law,1989.

The social determinants of health for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3155 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Medicine Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, referred to as Indigenous Australians, experience significantly poorer health outcomes than non-Indigenous Australians. This is particularly true for Indigenous women. The difference in life expectancy between Indigenous and non-Indigenous women is some 9.5 years, and Indigenous mothers are three times as likely as non-Indigenous mothers to die during childbirth (AIHW, 2014a; AIHW, 2014b). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The social determinants of health for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers" essay for you Create order There are many complex, interrelated social factors which impact the health of Indigenous people. This paper provides a critical analysis of the social determinants of health for Indigenous mothers in particular. Education is one of the most fundamental social determinants of health, and this is particularly true for Indigenous Australians. Education enables Indigenous women to access and interpret health-related information to prevent ill health, and it also improves their capacity to engage effectively with the health care system when necessary (Jones et al., 2014). In Indigenous women, higher levels of education are directly linked with positive health outcomes; for example, an Indigenous woman is less likely to smoke if she completes secondary schooling (Australian Government Department of Health Ageing, 2012; Biddle Cameron, 2012). However, Indigenous women have poor rates of formal education attainment; just 29% of Indigenous people complete Year 12 compared with a nationa l average of 73% (ABS, 2012). Indigenous women with a lower standard of education are more likely to bear a child in their adolescent years, a particular problem for Indigenous women generally, and are also more likely to have a child with a low birthweight (Comino et al., 2009; Osborne et al., 2013). Additionally, Indigenous mothers with lower standards of education are more likely to children with poor educational outcomes; this highlights the significant problems associated with the intergenerational transfer of health and social risk in Indigenous communities (Benzies et al., 2011). Education is related directly to an Indigenous womans level of economic participation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" specifically, her ability to gain employment and earn an adequate income, both of which are key predictors of health (Osborne et al., 2013). Research suggests that an Indigenous persons chance of gaining employment increases by 40% if they complete Year 10 and by 53% if they complete Year 12 (N ew South Wales Government Department of Education Training, 2004). However, as with low education, low employment is a significant problem for Indigenous women; indeed, rates of unemployment for Indigenous women are above 16%, compared with a national average of just 4% (ABS, 2013). Economic disadvantage resulting from unemployment is a significant predictor of poor health. Booth and Carrol (2008) suggest that economic variables can explain up to 50% of the disparity in health between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Additionally, and demonstrating the cyclical nature of socioeconomic disadvantage and poor health in Indigenous communities, research also suggests that poor health may explain 60% of the disparity in employment participation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous women (Kalb et al., 2011). Unemployment and socioeconomic disadvantage may affect the health of Indigenous women in a range of ways. Primarily, limited disposable income à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" in comb ination with a lack of food storage and cooking facilities within households and, particularly within remote communities, lack of access to fresh food itself à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" means indigenous women have reduced access to nutritionally-appropriate foods and lower food security (Osborne et al., 2013; Browne et al., 2014). Indeed, the diets of Indigenous people in many regions are characterised by a high intake of saturated fats, refined carbohydrates and salt, and little to no intake of fresh fibre-rich foods (ABS, 2006). In Indigenous women, as in all women, nutrition is fundamental to health in the ante-, intra- and post-partum periods (Browne et al., 2014). Poor dietary intake leads to high rates of gestational diabetes mellitus among Indigenous mothers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 5.1%, compared with a national average of 4.5% (2000-2009 estimate) (Chamberlain et al., 2014). Poor nutritional status also underpins the burden of chronic disease evident in Indigenous women and particularly c hronic diseases related to obesity, which are a significant problem in Indigenous communities (Liaw et al., 2011). Around 60% of Indigenous women aged 25-55 years have a body mass index which indicates they are obese (ABS, 2006). Because of the risks posed by chronic disease, Indigenous mothers are significantly more likely than non-Indigenous mothers to require antenatal hospital admission (Badgery-Parker et al., 2012). Additionally, maternal chronic disease means that around 11% of indigenous neonates have a low birthweight (ABS, 2014). This is an important marker for increased risk of chronic disease, again demonstrating the cyclical nature of socioeconomic disadvantage and poor health outcomes in Indigenous communities. Socioeconomic disadvantage has a variety of other impacts on Indigenous mothers. For example, lack of employment and poverty mean that many Indigenous women have reduced access to appropriate housing. Up to 28% of Indigenous people live in housing which is sev erely overcrowded and where basic facilities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" including showers, toilets and stoves à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" are not available or do not work (Osborne et al., 2013). Compounding the issue of poor housing is the fact that Indigenous Australians, and particularly those living in regional and remote communities, have disproportionate access to essential health infrastructure such as safe drinking water, rubbish collection services, sewerage systems and a reliable supply of power (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2007; Osborne et al., 2013). Indeed, lower standards of housing health infrastructure in Australian communities contribute directly to the high rates of parasitic and bacterial infection and increased rates of physical injury à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" for example, from house fires à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" among Indigenous women (Bailie Wayte, 2006). Inappropriate, overcrowded housing has had other impacts on Indigenous mothers. Specifically, it has led to breakdowns in tr aditional, complex social structures, norms and spiritual practices in Indigenous communities (Osborne et al., 2013). This has resulted in increases in the rates violence, including domestic violence, perpetrated against Indigenous women; indeed, Indigenous women are 40 times more likely than non-Indigenous women to experience violence, and are 35 times more likely to experience intra-familial violence which results in hospitalisation (Osborne et al., 2013). Indigenous people are also significantly more likely than non-Indigenous people to experience sexual assault (Phillips Park, 2006; ABS, 2009). The Australian Human Rights Commission (2007) notes that a combination of unemployment, the receipt of welfare payments and a lower standard of education also predispose Indigenous women to an increased risk of poor health outcomes due to violence. In Indigenous women in particular, social capital à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" including a connection with community, country and culture, is positi vely correlated with wellbeing (Brough et al., 2004; Biddle, 2012; Osborne et al., 2013). The relationship between social capital and mental wellbeing, particularly in Indigenous people, is well-established, however the correlation between social capital and physical wellbeing is now also acknowledged. For example, a number of Australian studies have demonstrated that Indigenous people who are connected to their community, country and culture are less likely to be diagnosed with a range of chronic health conditions including obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and renal disease (Burgess et al., 2009; Campbell et al., 2011). Where there are declines in social capital, therefore, the mental and physical health of Indigenous women also decline. Shepherd et al. (2012) report on the growing body of knowledge which suggests that Indigenous peoples social environment may significantly affect their mental health. Rates of mental illness among Indigenous women are high; indeed, Indig enous women are 2.6 times as likely as non-Indigenous women to report experiencing psychological distress and are also more likely to engage in self-harm and / or suicide (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2007; Burns et al. 2015, np). Mental illness is also strongly correlated with poverty; for example, Australian research suggests that people in poverty lack a sense of control over their lives and so experience higher levels of psychological stress (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2007). In addition to poor mental health, psychological stress can also lead to poor physical health outcomes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" specifically, via negative effects on the immune and cardiovascular systems and metabolic function (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2007; Shepherd et al., 2012). Mental illness is not only underpinned by social health determinants, it is also problematic in terms of modifying the social factors which underpin poor health outcomes in Indigenous communities. For example , Marmot (2011) suggests that, in Indigenous communities, marginalisation results in disempowerment which in turn leads many Indigenous women to perceive little value in efforts to make health-related changes. Social dysfunction and high rates of mental illness in Indigenous communities is driven by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and, indeed, drives à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the high rate of substance abuse in these communities (Osborne et al., 2013).   Indigenous women are twice as likely as non-Indigenous women to smoke on a daily basis, and three times as likely to smoke during pregnancy (Osborne et al., 2013; Passey et al., 2013). Approximately 50% of Indigenous people report consuming alcohol at least once per week, 28% report current regular use of illicit substances including cannabis and other drugs, and 15% engage in risky behaviours related to substance use (ABS, 2006). Substance abuse is an important social determinant of health; the correlation between substance use and poor outc omes in terms of both physical and mental health in adults is well-established. Whilst the prevalence of Indigenous mothers who use alcohol and illicit substances is unknown, rates of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and neonatal abstinence syndrome are high among Indigenous neonates (AIHW, 2015). Additionally, Indigenous mothers who abuse substances are at greater risk of losing custody of their children; because of the relationship between social capital and health in Indigenous communities, this can itself be perceived as a poor health outcome (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2007; Osborne et al., 2013). As noted by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing (2013), poverty limits the access of many Indigenous people to health care services. This is particularly true in regional and remote communities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and approximately 46% of Indigenous women live in an area classified as regional or remote (ABS, 2010). Though many regional and remote Indig enous communities are supported by fly-in fly-out health services, research suggests that fragmented services and discontinuity of care can contribute to poor health outcomes for Indigenous women (Bar-Zeev et al., 2012). Many communities have no health services at all, and to receive medical attention Indigenous women are often required to travel long distances to regional centres. Although the federal government subsidises the transport and accommodation expenses associated with such trips, general living costs borne by Indigenous women are often significant (Kildea et al., 2010). Additionally, the costs for those accompanying a woman are often not subsidised, so women may be required to travel without support (Kildea et al., 2010). These issues affect Indigenous mothers disproportionately; for example, in comparison to non-Indigenous women, Indigenous women tend to access antenatal care both less frequently and later in their pregnancy, and this is underpinned by lack of access to care (Osborne et al., 2013). Further complicating these issues is the fact that the risk-prevention paradigm evident in many medicalised health services is incompatible with the holistic perception of health held by many Indigenous women (Ireland et al., 2011). Additionally, historic protectionist and paternalist attitudes directed towards Indigenous people continue to pervade many medicalised health services in Australia. Durey and Thompson (2012) suggest that racism, both covert and overt, towards Indigenous women in Australian health services remains a significant problem; indeed, the Australian Human Rights Commission (2007) notes that systematic discrimination is a key factor underpinning the lack of opportunity for Indigenous Australians achieve a health status equitable to that of non-Indigenous Australians. These issues associated with culturally-safe service provision often culminate in Indigenous mothers disengaging from medicalised health services. This is a significa nt problem considering a lack of antenatal and intrapartum care in particular, and health care in general, is fundamental to the high maternal morbidity and mortality rates in Indigenous communities (AIHW, 2014a). This paper has provided a critical analysis of the many social determinants of health for Australias Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and, particularly, Indigenous mothers. It has demonstrated that social factors underpin the health of Indigenous mothers in both the physical and mental domains. It has also provided evidence for the complex relationship between health and social determinants in Indigenous mothers. 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